state and nation building in Arica

state and nation building in Arica African countries are independent and sovereign; however, most of the African countries are going under stress. This is largely because most of the African states are not nation-states, where African leaders neglect nation-building and rather focus on state-building. They seek to provide human security and other needs necessary to build the state. However, by state-building, it is an act which is at the expense of others religious and ethnic groups within that state. Hence, this has spearheaded most African conflicts due to deprivation of human needs. Therefore, this essay seeks to validate to which extent African leaders are good at state building and not nation-building.State-building can be defined as the establishment, re-establishment, and strengthening of a public structure in a given territory capable of delivering public goods. Nation-building is the most common form of a process of collective identity formation with a view to legitimizing public power within a given territor y (Bogdandy, HÂÆ'Â ¤uÂÆ'Ÿler, Hanschmann, Raphael 2005).Nation-building should be in a bid to accommodate and build good relations between cultural, ethnic, racial, religious and other salient social identities; however, nation-building is a big challenge to most African leaders (Masunungure 2006). According to Mandela (1965) a leader is like a shepherd, he stays behind the flock, letting the most nibble to go on ahead were upon others follow not realising that all along they are being directed from behind therefore, leadership is the probity of an individual actor where a leader demonstrates leadership through their personal characteristics and how they behave. Bernard C (1938) defines leadership as "the ability of a superior to influence the behaviour of subordinates and pursue them to follow a particular course of action. In this essay a nation building can be understood as the unification, elimination of segregation in society through religion, ethnicity, and colour...

Learning Style Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Style Inventory - Essay Example Sometimes these questions seemed obvious or sometimes they were questions that begged for them to go deeper into the subject matter. If I was asking obvious questions I was asking because I needed clarification to make sure I was on the same page as the teacher. I am not a person that is quick to respond when there is a problem. The explanation of solitary learning style says that these people have a tendency to withdraw while they are solving a problem rather than talk to someone. This is the type of person I am which drives some of my friends crazy. I just like to think about things before I act on them. The classes I like most are those that allow me to do my own work in my own style. I do not like classes that have a set patter of things that have to be done and that expect you just to do the work without question. I like questioning and I learn more when the professors are patient and answer what I am asking. Many of my classes fit my learning style but to pick one it would have to be an English class that I had a couple of semesters ago. The teacher made English interesting because we were given a choice of projects around a theme. As an example, we were supposed to go out and look at a couple of stores and decide what they were "really" selling. Once we did this we were to write up a compare and contrast paper. The teacher was outgoing and during class time he had us reading very interesting short stories and commenting on them. His techniques matched my learning style because we were able to express ourselves in writing and he did not press those who did not talk in class. I t hought he was a very interesting person and I enjoyed his class very much. I found it interesting that security guards were one of the "common pursuits" that this learning style inventory suggested. I can see how it might be a profession where you would work by yourself but it still seems that you would be working around people and it would not be as solitary

Private Security Companies of Hostile Countries Coursework

Private Security Companies of Hostile Countries - Coursework Example Though overall security responsibility of people is taken up by occupying forces, the militants target the private and government organisations that help in development of infrastructure and organisations that help in economic development. Thus they try to distort the development activities that help in rebuilding the country. The important objectives of the expatriate security companies are to offer training for local police and to give security for private and governmental organisations as the police and military forces in Iraq are not in adequate number to protect them. Even the international organisations like UN offices that are helping in rebuilding of Iraq, voluntary organisations and MNC companies need security from the militants. To meet the above-mentioned requirements, the expatriate security companies have to train local police and maintain security personnel for the protection of private as well as government and international facilities. The important issue is about rec ruiting personnel that can provide security to the organisations, who are clients of the security companies. The recruitment will be of two types. Recruiting expatriates (westerners) and recruiting local people. However, both the above options have their own drawbacks. The recruitment of westerners costs more for the company but assures efficient services. In the contrast, the recruitment of the locals may result in less expenditure for the company regarding salaries but may not result in adequate security as the locals are more prone to the relations with militants as well as they are more familiar with the surroundings. Consequently, the recruitment of locals in to the security companies in countries like Iraq and their reliability in security operations is the point of discussion in this paper. Hence, the recruitment of expatriates comes to the fore when the security companies find that there are no sufficient locals fit for the security operations. Research Hypothesis: Do expatriates can fill the security vacuum in countries like Iraq by recruiting local personnel Do the training given by the companies to local police is enough in providing the much needed security to people, organisations and the companies in countries like Iraq Methodology The information necessary for the assignment

Personal Statement to Win a Scholarship Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement to Win a Scholarship Essay An experienced and fully qualified registered nurse who is efficient, thorough and passionate about delivering the best levels of care to patients. I possesses extensive healthcare experience in a wide range of key nursing fields and has the required physical, mental and emotional strength to stand up to the rigours of this demanding profession. Able to work autonomously and has vast knowledge of using the latest state of the art medical equipment to treat, observe and record the conditions of patients. As a driven individual who wants to progress she is now looking for a suitable nursing position with a reputable, exciting and modern healthcare provider. See more: how to write a scholarship essay Employment History Emena Hospital Assistant Superviser Sept 2011- current Duties Caring for patients who are suffering from acute and long-term illnesses and diseases. Administering drugs, medication and injections to patients. Treating patients with respect and dignity, and giving attention to individual needs and wishes. Kj Prioritising workloads and allocating patients appropriately. Maintaining high clinical standards and high levels of quality care delivery Providing information, emotional support and reassurance to patients and relatives. Nursing Skills Implementing and participating in vaccination and immunisation programmes for both adults and children. Taking patient samples, pulses, temperatures and blood pressures. Experience of Chronic Disease management i.e. diabetes and asthma, etc. Responding calmly to emergency situations. Reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Organising junior staff and prioritising busy workloads. Able to liaise with social services and other care agencies. Preparing beds, rooms, sterilising instruments, equipment and supplies, and ensuring that an essential stock of supplies is maintained.

Grateful Dead Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history there have been many musical "influences". One extremely important influence to modern music is The Grateful Dead. The group was formed in 1965 by bluegrass - enthusiast Jerry Garcia on guitar and vocals, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan on vocals and organ, Bob Weir on guitar and vocals, classical music student Phil Lesh on bass and vocals, and Bill Kreutzmann on drums. From the beginning, they brought together a variety of influences, from Garcia's country background to Pigpen's feeling for blues (his father was an R&B radio DJ) and Lesh's education in contemporary serious" music. Add to that, the experimentation encouraged at some of the group's first performances at novelist Ken Kesey's "acid test" parties-multimedia events intended to replicate (or accompany) the experience of taking the then-legal drug LSD-and you had a musical mixture of styles often played with extended improvisational sections that could go off in nearly any direction. The band signed to Warner Brothers in 1967, experiencing some difficulties early on with the restrictions of standard recording practice s and the company's interest in producing a conventionally commercial product. As a result, the group's first few albums were somewhat tentative but showed promise for the future, especially with the key additions of Mickey Hart as a second drummer in 1967 and Garcia's old friend Robert Hunter as the band's lyricist. The Dead finally hit their stride with the release of Live Dead, a double album, in 1969. (They were always more comfortable on stage than in the studio.) Two studio albums in 1970, Workingman's Dead and American Beauty, found them exploring folk-rock and more tightly constructed song forms and, along with extensive touring, won them a much larger audience. In the second half of the '70s, the Dead recorded a series of commercially - oriented albums for Arista, then concentrated on roadwork for the better part of the '80s. In the Dark, released in 1987, was their first studio album in seven years. It sold a million copies and produced the band's first Top Ten hit in &quo t;Touch of Grey." One of the aspects of the Grateful Dead that made them stand out was their mixing of several different kinds of music. As mentioned earlier, the Dead's music is a hearty mixture of bluegrass, classical, and good old-fashioned rock... ...ot;, is Blues Traveler. On the scene since 1984, John Popper (lead vocals and unbelievable harmonica) has lead this band up from the depths of the local party circuit to having a multi-platinum album (1994's Four). Also with the same blues-rock feeling, deadheads are sure to flashback to yesteryear with one of Popper's unreal harmonica riffs. Traveler has also touched millions of college kids and drawn them in with their unique musical style, just as the Dead were reeling them in in the 60's and 70's. The Grateful Dead's immense musical influence has by far been an underlying factor in many bands that we would consider influential today. Bob Dylan considered Jerry to be like an older brother. The Rolling Stones, The Allman Brothers, and countless other legends have played under the Dead's tutelage. This only shows that they have so greatly influenced the world of music as we know it today. Just as they were influenced to create their own unique style, they are still influencing bands today, thirty-four years after it all began. The Grateful Dead were certainly an implausible influence over the music world today. There is only one thing left to say. We are truly Grateful.

How valid is the view that, “in the period 1796-1870 the most serious barrier to political change in Italy was widespread apathy among the people?

In 1871 Italy became a unified nation, however in the period of 1796-1870 there were many barriers, which prevented the political change in Italy. The widespread apathy of the people certainly did effect the unification of Italy, however there were other barriers such as the foreign influences of Austria, the un-organisation of the revolts and the fact that at the beginning the Risorgimento was more for the elitist class. So it is not valid to say that apathy was the most serious barrier as there were other factors that together made it difficult for Italy to become united. One factor that was particularly influential was the power Austria has over Italy. Austria was a major power at this time with a large empire. During this period there were a number of revolutions across Europe. Austria and Russia were both conservative monarchists that were determined to suppress any nationalistic movements as possible as they were worried about the spread of revolutions affecting their own countries. Austria spread its influence in Italy by installing members of the Austrian imperial family, the Hasbburgs, to rule in many Italian states. This was used for a more pro-Austrian attitude and a less patriotic nationalistic attitude to their own country; Italy of 1815 was basically under control of the Austrians. Metternich said at the time; â€Å"Italy is only a geographical expression.† It is clear that Austria were a major influence and helped to prevent Italy from developing it's own identity thus preventing unification- which was Austria's main aim. It is true to say that Austria exerting it's power over Italy does show the apathy of the people as they didn't seem to do very much about it, or appear to concerned for some time. Less than 3% of Italians spoke Italian, and as communication wasn't very good it was hard for Italy to feel like one unified country as they were so separated. People's sense of pride was what was missing in Italy. People were very attached to their own particular region and in a sense were not affected by what happened in other areas of Italy, especially the north-south divide. It could be argued that this un-communication between different areas of Italy proves that apathy among the people did prevent unification, as the Italians were obviously not prepared for it. However if the government gave the public a reason to be proud and patriotic, and given them a sense of unity they probably would have reacted and been more unified. In fact not all Italians did have this apathetic attitude towards unification. There were attempts of revolutions in 1820 and 1831, but the force of the Austrians easily crushed these attempts. The Carbonari (1820s) were a secret society attempting change but didn't work as there were too few of them. There are also examples in radical democrats such as Garibaldi and Mazzini that played a big part in the unification process as they really believed in it and managed to spread the message more too the masses. This was another barrier to political change that there was little support for the attempts at revolution. This was to do with the fact that the Italian people has been led to believe that democracy was a thing to be feared, and unification may make Italy worse. Also during the beginning the Risorgimento was more of an elitist phenomenon, where only people of education and urban centres could get to hear about it. There was also a lack of co-ordination and confusion between the different ideologies that proved to make revolutions difficult. The Italian public were also unsure of what type of Italy would result after a revolution has taken place. There was particularism between some Italians and their own states as they may have felt they were better off not unified as it may change things in a way they didn't like. Before the Crimean war (1854-56) there seemed to be little chance of Italian unification as the country was so divided and controlled so greatly by Austria. The Crimean war changed a lot of things in Europe. The war was the resultant reason for the two major powers of Austria and Russia to break their alliance. Russia was humiliated in the war and was un-supported by Austria. Russia felt like it had been denied to be seen as the major power that it was. Russia therefore was un-supportive of Austria and changed it's policy, having been before quite conservative, to an attitude favourable of change. With the weakened force of Austria and its plight to prevent democratic states, people like Garibaldi creating a new found patriotic atmosphere among Italians, by 1871 Italy was unified. Overall it is valid to say that the apathy of the Italian people was a barrier to political change. In some ways the apathy of the people was not just because they weren't bothered but because the majority did not receive information about the Risorgimento till quite late. However it is more the foreign opposition of Austria that was more of a powerful prevention to change that affected the unification process more than the apathy of the people. It was partly due to the â€Å"domino effect† the Austrian influence had that did help to encourage the apathy of the people, as Austrians were so desperate to reduce nationalism they managed to help prevent Italians from feeling a belonging to a country.

Buddhism and Islam - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1304 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/16 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Buddhism Essay Islam Essay Did you like this example? Buddhism and Islam seem on the surface world apart. Muslims believe in one god Allah. While, Buddhism is a religion with no gods. In this paper I will discuss the similarities of the teachings of Muhammad and Buddha but also the differences. I will also discuss similarities and differences in the belief systems, stereotypes and the treatment of women. First I will start with a brief introduction of the Muhammad and Buddha. There are and estimated 480 million Buddhists worldwide.(1) Siddhartha Gautama aka Buddha was the founder of Buddhism. Buddha was born in the 6th century BCE. He was born in what is now known as Nepal. He was heir to the throne of Shakya clan. When he was 29 he decided to leave home in search of a way to end human suffering. Buddha spent much time with a Hindu ascetics but he rejected their path. He did not believe following their path would give him the answer to end human suffering. He sat in a spot by the river to meditate, where he remained until he reached enlightenment and achieved Nirvana. Buddha then began teaching other how to reach enlightenment by understanding the 4 Noble Truths. The 4 Noble Truths is the basis of the Buddhist belief system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Buddhism and Islam" essay for you Create order There are and estimated 1.6 billion Muslims in the world today.(2) Islam was brought into this world by the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, which is now Saudi Arabia. Muhammad was a business man who was married and had many children. When he was 40 years old, while reflecting in a cave on Mt. Hira, he received the first of many revelations from god. Muhammad received revelations from god for 22 years. These messages were recorded and became what we call the Quran. The Quran is the main religious test of Islam and is considered the best in classic Arabic literature. Beliefs Buddhists believe in no gods but like the Hindu religion, they do believe in Samsara (cycle of life, death and rebirth) and Karma ( law of cause and effect). The Buddhist belief system is centered on the 4 Noble Truths. 1st Truth is that life is characterized by Dukkha (suffering) and suffering is unavoidable. 2nd Truth is dukkha is the result of Tinha (desire) and desire can never bring true peace. 3rd Truth is suffering can be eliminated by abandoning desire. 4th Truth is abandoning desire can be done by following the Eightfold Path. Through the Eightfold Path humans can free themselves from karma. The Eightfold Path is eight necessary aspects of life that must be accomplished. These aspects are right views, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. The aspects are guidelines on how to act, speak, think, treat others even the right way to earn a living. By following the 4 Noble Truth and the Eightfold path you will attai n enlightenment, reach nirvana and free oneself from samsara. Islam is a monotheistic religion. Muslims believe in one true god Allah. They have on central belief and 4 Pillars, together they make the 5 Pillars. The 5 Pillars represent a total way of life rather than a private belief system. Muslims believe in the importance of respect for god, charity and neighbors. 1st Pillar is that there is one god Allah he is all powerful and one sin that god cannot forgive is not believing in him. One must pray daily to prove their devotion. 2nd Pillar is prayer both formal (certain words and certain actions required) and informal (can pour out heart, say anything). 3rd Pillar is Zakat or almsgiving, which all adult Muslims must give 2 percent of all their wealth to the poor. 4th Pillar is the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). This must be done on a specific time of year and only if you can afford it. Muslims believe doing these things bring them closer as a community and closer to god. Treatment of Women Before Buddhas teaching women did not lead happy lives. Women were considered burdens to their families. Buddha believed women were not inferior to men on the contrary women were equally useful to society. Husbands and wifes should do their duties with equal dedication. Wives were expected to manage their husbands affairs when they were away. Women have equal rights to education and religion. Women can become Buddhist nuns and are allowed into the order. Some Buddhist believe that women cannot attain enlightenment and must be reborn as men to reach nirvana. This belief differs depending on which sect one belongs to. Some female Buddhist nuns are given different rules then the monks but this also depends on the sect you belong to. Many nun orders are working towards better conditions and education for women. In Islam man and woman are moral equals and are required to fulfill the same duties. Islam improved the status of women compared to earlier Arab cultures. Islamic law gives the dowry to the woman not her family and guarantee inheritance. It also give women the right to own and manage property and stopped the killing of female babies at birth. Muhammad is said to consult woman ad seriously considered their opinions. Islamic law requires women to cover certain parts of the body it also requires men to cover body parts. Both men and women are required to practice modesty. Women also have the right to and education and to choose who they want to marry. While some Islamic countys oppress women most do not. Women today are active in improving treatment of women. Many Muslim women have been heads of state and active in their countrys politics. Stereotypes Buddhism is a philosophy not a religion. In fact Buddhism is a religion and people have been practicing this way of life even before Christianity. Miriam Webster online defines religion as a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices.(3) This definition thus proves that Buddhism is in fact a religion not a philosophy. Dalai Lama is like the pope. The title of pope has an exact line of succession, when the pope dies a new one is selected. With the Dali Lama he succeeds himself. When he dies he will be reborn as a baby and the cycle begins again. Buddhists are pacifists. Many Buddhists have fought in wars buddhas teachings say that one can fight for a just cause. All Buddhist are vegetarians. Buddha did not require his followers to be vegetarians. In the beginning Buddhist monks and nuns were fed by going around the city and received handouts from the towns people. They had to take what offered including meat. Arab and Muslims are the same people. Arabs speak Arabic and Muslims practice Islam. One can be one the other or both. Islam is very different from Christianity or Judaism. All 3 religions worship the same god in a different name. All are children of Abraham. All Muslims are fanatics. Some Muslims have a strict view on how to live but there is a great diversity among Muslims around the world. You cant be Muslim and be patriotic to the U.S.A. Many Muslims have fought and died defending the U.S. Muslims also currently serve in the armed forces. While Buddhism and Islam are very different the basic principles are the same. One should be kind and live right. One should treat their neighbor with respect and live righteously. Whether, the outcome is nirvana or Jannah (heaven). Islam and Buddhism both have had issues with stereotypes and misinformation. In regards to the treatment of women both the teaching of Muhammad and Buddha say woman should be respected and regarded as equals with men. Some countries and or sects have had issue with equal rights to women and women are fighting back. Both, Muhammad and Buddha wanted to make the world a better place and help people.