A Profile of Barry Goldwater - “Mr. Conservative”

Barry Goldwater was a 5-term US Senator from Arizona and the Republican nominee for president in 1964. Mr. Conservative Barry Goldwater and the Genesis of the Conservative Movement In the 1950s, Barry Morris Goldwater emerged as the nation’s leading conservative politician. It was Goldwater, along with his growing legion of â€Å"Goldwater Conservatives,† who brought the concepts of small government, free enterprise, and a strong national defense into the national public debate. These were the original planks of the conservative movement and remain the heart of the movement today. Beginnings Goldwater entered politics in 1949, when he won a seat as a Phoenix city councilman. Three years later, in 1952, he became a US Senator for Arizona. For nearly a decade, he helped redefine the Republican Party, assembling it into the party of the conservatives. In the late 1950s, Goldwater became closely associated with the anti-Communist movement and was an avid supporter of Sen. Joseph McCarthy. Goldwater stuck with McCarthy until the bitter end and was one of only 22 members of Congress who refused to censure him. Goldwater supported desegregation and civil rights to varying degrees. He got himself into political hot water, however, with his opposition to legislation that would eventually turn into the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Goldwater was a passionate Constitutionalist, who had supported the NAACP and had backed previous versions of civil rights legislation, but he opposed the 1964 bill because he believed it violated states’ rights to self-govern. His opposition earned him political support from conservative southern Democrats, but he was detested as a â€Å"racist† by many blacks and minorities. Presidential Aspirations Goldwater’s rising popularity in the South in the early 1960s helped him win a tough bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 1964. Goldwater had been looking forward to running an issue-oriented campaign against his friend and political rival, President John F. Kennedy. An avid pilot, Goldwater had planned to fly around the country with Kennedy, in what the two men believed would be a revival of the old whistle-stop campaign debates. Kennedys Death Goldwater was devastated when those plans were cut short by Kennedy’s death in late 1963, and he mourned the president’s passing profoundly. Nevertheless, he won the Republican nomination in 1964, setting up a showdown with Kennedy’s vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, who he despised and would later accuse of â€Å"using every dirty trick in the book.† Introducing ... Mr. Conservative During the Republican National Convention in 1964, Goldwater gave perhaps the most conservative acceptance speech ever uttered when he said, â€Å"I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.† This statement prompted one member of the press to exclaim, â€Å"My God, Goldwater is running as Goldwater!† The Campaign Goldwater was not prepared for the brutal campaign tactics of the vice president. Johnson’s philosophy was to run as though he were 20 points behind, and he did just that, crucifying the Arizona Senator in a series of vicious television ads. Comments Goldwater made during the previous ten years were taken out of context and used against him. For example, he had once told members of the press that he sometimes thought the country would be better off if the entire Eastern Seaboard were sawed off and floated out to sea. The Johnson campaign ran an ad showing a wooden model of the United States in a tub of water with a saw hacking off the Eastern states. The Effectiveness of Negative Campaigning Perhaps the most damning and personally offensive ad to Goldwater was the one called â€Å"Daisy,† which showed a young girl counting flower petals as a male voice counted down from ten to one. At the end of the ad, the girl’s face was frozen as images of nuclear war played in the shadows and a voice extolled Goldwater, implying he would launch a nuclear attack if elected. Many consider these ads to be the beginnings of the modern negative campaign period which continues to this day. Goldwater lost in a landslide, and Republicans lost many seats in Congress, setting the conservative movement back significantly. Goldwater won his seat in the Senate again in 1968 and continued to earn respect from his political peers on Capitol Hill. Nixon In 1973, Goldwater had a significant hand in the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. The day before Nixon resigned, Goldwater told the president that if he stayed in office, Goldwater’s vote would be in favor of impeachment. The conversation coined the term â€Å"Goldwater moment,† which is still used today to describe the moment a group of the president’s fellow party members vote against him or publicly take a position opposite him. Reagan In 1980, Ronald Reagan won a crushing defeat over incumbent Jimmy Carter and columnist George Will called it a victory for conservatives, saying Goldwater had actually won the 1964 election, â€Å"†¦ it just took 16 years to count the votes.† The New Liberal The election would eventually mark the decline of Goldwater’s conservative influence as the social conservatives and the Religious Right began to slowly take over the movement. Goldwater vociferously opposed their two top issues, abortion and gay rights. His views came to be regarded as more â€Å"Libertarian† than conservative, and Goldwater later admitted with wonder that he and his ilk were the â€Å"new liberals of the Republican party.† Goldwater died in 1998 at the age of 89.

The Seeds of Discouragement in Work with Young People

Child And Youth Assesment | March 28 2013 | | The Seeds of Discouragement in Work With Young People. | ORIGINALITY SCORE: 0% Table Of Contents. THE SEEDS OF DICOURAGEMENT IN WORK WITH YOUNG PEOPLE 3 What is assessment? 3 The four Ecological Hazards and it’s link to the Profiles in Discouragement 3 10 D’S of Deviance 5 The impact of positive personal theories of behavior 6 Impact on Assessment if the child or youth feels discouraged by an interaction with a CYCW 7 Conclusion: 8 Reference list: 9 THE SEEDS OF DICOURAGEMENT IN WORK WITH YOUNG PEOPLE What is assessment? Assessment refers to a methodical manner in which a variety of information can be obtained regarding a subject. In this field the subject is†¦show more content†¦The purpose of identifying these hazards is to build a circle of courage that helps to enhance encouragement .( Brendtro amp; Larson, 2006) 10 D’S of Deviance Deviance refers to the kind of behavior that results from a child’s consistent inappropriate and intolerable actions (LIVESTRONG.COM, n.d.). These 10 D’s are derived from the tyranny of obedience and pessimism involved in professionalism. This means that over time experts have developed a typical response towards different deviant behaviors portrayed by the troubled child. It outlines a common set of problems and the ways in which the youth are approached (Brendtro, et el., 2001) Theory | Problem | Typical Responses | 1. Primitive | Deviant | Blame, attack, ostracize | 2. Folk religion | Demonic | Chastise, exorcise, banish | 3. Biophysical | Diseased | Diagnose, drug, hospitalize | 4. Psychoanalytic | Disturbed | Analyze, treat, seclude | 5. Behavioral | Disordered | Assess, condition, time out | 6. Correctional | Delinquent | Adjudicate, punish, incarcerate | 7. Sociological | Deprived | Study, resocialize, assimilate | 8. Social work | Dysfunctional | In-take, case manage, discharge | 9. Educational | Disobedient | Reprimand, correct, expel | 10. Special educational | Disabled | Label, remediate, segregate |Show MoreRelatedThe Seeds of Discouragement2047 Words   |  9 PagesThe seeds of discouragement in work with young people INTRODUCTION Discouragement by definition is the act of or instance of being discouraged, the state of being discouraged or something that discourages. In other words it is simply the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles. Young people may become defiant or hard if seeds of discouragement are sown into their lives especially during their childhood years. 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Ive had 10 novels published so far. They are PATTERNMASTER, MIND OF MY MIND, SURVIVOR, KINDRED, WILD SEED, CLAYS ARK, DAWN, ADULTHOOD RITES, IMAGO, and PARABLE OF THE SOWER. Doubleday published the first five originally. Warner has reprinted WILD SEED, MIND OFMYMIND, CLAY’S ARK, and PATTERNMASTER. KINDRED has been reprinted by Beacon Press. DAWN, ADULTHOOD RITES, IMAGO, and PARABLE OF THE SOWER are available from WarnerRead MoreBecoming Who You Are Was Written By Apostle Dutch Sheets Essay2326 Words   |  10 Pagesgeneration. Sheets’s goal is the seeing of America experience a sweeping revival and return to its godly heritage. Most of the Church struggles with their identity in Christ. I was taught that once you know who you are in Christ, you attract the right people, and begin to live to the fullest of God’s intention for you. This book gives biblical based truths on who you are in Christ and how to mature and grow into the person God has called you to be. This is more than just a book about identity, it’s anRead MoreMen of Honor Analysis2363 Words   |  10 Pagesachieve great success at whatever endeavor he pursued. He formulated this philosophy by interviewing many key figures of his day including Andrew Carnegie and Franklin Roosevelt. As a result, he developed an influential book which has inspired people all over the globe to achieve any goal which their mind can conceive and believe in. The film â€Å"Men of Honor† is full of examples which exemplify Hill’s keys to success and recounts the story of one man’s quest in order to be all that he couldRead MoreExamination Malpractice9287 Words   |  38 Pagesmalpractice. In any given society, there are rule guiding the behavior of individuals as well as rights which give the people the freedom to express them. So also is an education environment, where student come to learn both in character and in learning and where they interact with other student lectures. 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Business Strategy Game free essay sample

During the playing of the game, the win and the lost can be stimulated our team members to apply the right strategic theories to our Company B. By the use of Porter’s Five Forces – bargaining power of buyers Our strategy is to cut the price of footwear, increasing the advertising budget and bid the celebrity appeal to occupy more market segment. By the use of Porter’s Five Forces – threats of entry Our strategy is to increase the percentage of the superior materials usage and to increase the number of models in branded production. By the use of Porter’s Five Forces – intensity of rivalry among existing competitors After earning of profit in Year 11 and 12, our strategy is to invest plant capacity at the end of year 13 in Asia-Pacific because the production cost is lower than in North America. The reject rate of production is also lower than other region. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategy Game or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This strategy may result in the low cost with sufficient quantity of footwear to meet the demanding market in order to win competitors. Result of our Company B In Year 12, our Overall Score of 109. tied for the 3rd best Overall Score performance of the year, worldwide. The return on Average Equity our ROE of 34. 2% tied for the 41st best ROE performance of the year. Our company achieved a Global Top 50 rank no. 1 performance on Overall Game-To-Date Score in Year 13. Our Overall Score of 109. 5 tied for the best Overall Score performance of the year. In Year 14, our company achieved a Global Top 100 performance on Overall Game-To-Date Score. Our Overall Score of 105. 5 tied for the 86th best Overall Score performance of the year. In Year 16, our company returned back to Global Top 50 performance on Overall Game-To-Date Score. Our Overall Score of 107. 5 tied for the 30th best Overall Score performance of the year, worldwide. Our Earnings Per Share of $12. 17 is the 24th best EPS performance of the year, worldwide. The end of this report is to evaluate our strategies and to make recommendations. Introduction Team members of four forms a Company B to play this stimulated game from year 11 to year17. This Company B is a list company to manufacture and sell different brands of athletic footwear around the world. Our vision, mission, objectives, accounting data and income statement are shown in Appendix 1. The role and responsibilities of our Board of Directors are in the form of organization chart in Appendix 2. Before start the game, our members agree to use Porter’s Five Forces to analysis and build up the right strategic position to win the game. Our strategy is to start with low price with increasing the advertising budget and bid the celebrity appeal to occupy more market segment. The price and product benefits of our company are posted in Strategy Clock in Appendix 3. If our company can earn sufficient fund, it is proposed to increase production in Asia-Pacific (AP) region. It is because the production cost in AP is lower than in North America (NA). During the game, Industry Scoreboard is our main indicator which shows us our strategies right or wrong. Another indicator is the Market Snapshot which can indicate our competitor’s intention in strategies. Any change in our strategies is based on Porter’s Five Forces to analysis and implement the market, and complement with the results of Industry Scoreboard and Market Snapshot. Finally, use of â€Å"green† Footwear-Making materials and Ethics Training to all employees is proposed for the good image of our Company B. Performance Analysis and Evaluation By the use of Porter’s Five Forces model to analysis the athletic footwear market around the world; our strategy is to cut the price of footwear in the Year 11 and 12, and to increase budget of advertisement and to bid celebrity endorsements in order to boost the sales volume in a competitive industry . If the sales volume is increased, the inventory may change to cash. Our company may then invest in Asia-Pacific (AP) plant and decrease the production in North America (NA) region. It is because the cost of production in AP is lower than in NA and production reject rate is also low in AP. The performance analysis in Year 11 The footwear-making was changed to use the â€Å"green† materials and donated 1% of pre-tax profit as charitable contributions. In compare with other competitors in the branded sales market, a slightly increase in price in the internet sales and wholesale markets were added to suit markets demand but the prices were still lower than the markets. In branded production, enhanced styling / features was increased from $10k per model to $12k and $14k in NA plant and AP plant respectively. In private-label production, AP plant increased the percentage from 25 to 26 to the superior materials usage and also increased the styling / features from $5 to $7 per model. For the S/Q rating of pairs, 3 stars were increased to 4 stars to the NA and AP plants. The private-label pairs to be manufactured in AP plant were greatly increased from 394,000 to 800,000 to suit the market need. Therefore, the proposed shipment from AP plant to EA and AP warehouses were also increased from 185,000 to 476,000 and 285,000 respectively. Due to our increased in quantity of production, our bid prices to private-label were also lower to $30 in EA and AP markets. The evaluation in Year 11 Our strategy was kept going on the low price policy by the use of Porter’s Five Forces model- buyer bargaining power, increasing the advertising budget and bid the celebrity appeal to occupy more market segment. The performance analysis in Year 12 Ethics Training† to the managers level was introduced so that business level management could take the right responsibility. For the branded sales market, our prices were still set below the current market prices but the S / Q rating were revised to 5 stars to all markets. For the stimulated the NA and EA markets, the models were also slightly increased in NA, EA and AP. This was the first time to increase the celebrity appear to all markets from the range of 130 to 170. Due to the high production cost in NA plant, the major production line would be transferred to AP plant. In order to achieve high quality, the use of superior materials from 50% to 60%, the number of models from 200 to 250, the enhanced Styling / Features from $14k per model to $16k and the Best Practice Training were removed from NA plant to AP plant at $1,300 per worker. The wholesale prices were raised to $44 $45 to all markets but our set prices were not the highest. â€Å"Tiger Green† and â€Å"Jose Montana† were bidden for celebrity endorsement. The private-label pairs to be manufactured were increased from 800,000 to 1,600,000. Due to the increased production in AP plant, shipment to NA, EA, AP and LA warehouses were increased to 147,000, 800,000, 300,000 and 197,000 respectively to reduce the transport cost and to stabilize the exchange rates. From the date of private-label bids in Year 11, the offer quantity was dramatically increased from 476,000 to 880,000. The bid prices were also slightly increased. The evaluation in Year 12 Our low price policy, expanded the market segments by means of advertisement and bade for celebrity endorsement were again proofed fruitful success and listed in the Top 50 rank no. 3 (see Appendix 4 Year 12). The performance analysis in Year 13 Ethics training was provided to all employees because it was proofed successfully to all managers. For the branded sales forecast, the prices of internet sales and wholesale prices were slightly increased and it was hoped to increase the sales revenue. At the same time, models available were also increased in the wholesale markets. In order to reduce our expenditure, rebate offers were reduced to all markets. For the branded production, the superior materials usage was reduced to 55% and the best practice training was also reduced from $1,300 per worker to $500 in AP plant. In the use of superior materials usage and S/Q rating were increased in the quality in NA plants private-label production. After considering of EA and AP markets for private-label bid, only the quantity was increased from 300,000 to 340,000 and the bid prices from $31 to $33 in EA market, from $32 to $33 in AP market were adjusted. The evaluation in Year 13 Our Company B awarded the Top 50 rank no. 1 in the world (see Appendix 4 Year 13). Our major strategy was stimulated the sales to occupy more market segment and increased the production quantity in AP plant and reduced in NA plant. It was the way of our strategy to increase the sales revenue and to reduce the production cost. Our strategy met our expectation in the market. The performance analysis in Year 14 The workforce diversity program was applied. After analysis other competitors, reduced the price in the internet sales but increased the prices of all wholesale prices were applied. Advertising budget was increased from $6,000k to $7,000k in EA market, from $3,500k to $5,000k in AP market and from $4,000k to $5,000k in LA market. Rebate Offer was increased in the EA, AP and LA markets. For the branded production, the superior materials usage was changed from 55% to 58% in AP plant. The incentive pay was also raised from 0 to 0. 3 per non-rejected pair in NA plant and 0. 8 to 0. 9 in AP plant. The best practice training was raised from $500 per worker to $800 in AP plant. The branded paired to be manufactured was reduced from 2,000k to 1,500k in NA plant in order to reduce the high cost. Our branded shipping strategy was changed NA plant shipment to EA warehouse and AP plant shipment to NA and LA warehouses. For the private- label production, the reduction of superior materials usage from 35% to 34% in NA plant but increasing from 30% to 35% in AP plant was applied. As the market demand, the NA and AP plants were increased in quantity from 400k to 900k and 1,800k to 2,800k respectively. There were also increased shipments from 372k to 851k (NA warehouse), from 880k to 950k ( EA warehouse ), from 340k to 950k (AP warehouse) and 341k to 841k (LA warehouse). The quantity of private-label bids were increased to all markets and the bid prices were reduced only from $35 to $33 in NA and LA markets. The evaluation in Year 14 Our Company B only awarded the Top 50 rank no. 85 (see Appendix 4 Year 14). As our strategy was to increase the production rate in AP plant and our sales performance was not in our expectation, our strategy was requested to fine tune to keep our strengths. Second place of gold star was awarded. The performance analysis in Year 15 The charitable contribution was raised from 1% to 2% of Pre-Tax profit. The workforce diversity program was cancelled. The retail price was decreased from $78 to $72 in internet marketing but there were crazy increased in wholesale price i. . from $55 to $68 (NA), from $60 to $66 (EA), from $48 to $65 (AP) and from $56 to $80 (LA). At the same time, the advertising budgets and celebrity appeal were increased but the retailer supports were decreased to all markets. The reason was that 5-Year and 10-Year loans were requested to repay in a short time. For the branded production, change in annual base wage was decreased to 0% in AP plan t and incentive pay decreased from $0. 3 per non-rejected pair to $0. 1 in NA plant, and the best practices training was reduced from $800 per worker to $400. The branded pairs to be manufactured were reduced from 1,500k to 1,200k in NA plant and 3,200k to 3,000k in AP plant. For the branded production shipping, NA plant to NA warehouse was remained and AP plant to EA warehouse was increased but AP plant to LA warehouse was reduced. The bid for Celebrity Endorsement Contracts was awarded Jose Montana ($600,000), Kobioshi Jones ($600,000) and LaBron Game ($500,000) to avoid other competitors to bid. The private-label production was increased from 900k to 1,200k in NA plant and from 2,800k to 3,000k in AP plant. For the private-label bids, both quantities and prices were increased greatly because there were insufficient pairs to be bid in last year. The bid prices were $94. 99 to all markets that they were the highest price for bidding. It was hoped that due to insufficient quantity in bidding market, the high profit rate would be obtained in our strategy. The evaluation in Year 15 Unfortunately, our strategy was completely wrong. Our income revenue was dropped to $282,104,000 and the ranking of our Company B was out of the Top 50. After our critical renew of our strategy, a new strategy was developed in Year 16 to re-gain our position in the market. The performance analysis in Year 16 The workforce diversity program was applied again. For the branded sales markets, the retail price in internet sales was increased from $72 to $73. The wholesale prices were decreased from $68 to $58(NA), $65 to $60(AP), and $80 to $60(LA). The S/Q rating was increased from 5 stars to 7 stars in AP market. The advertising budgets were reduced from $7,500k to $7,400K in NA and EA markets. In order to reduce our production cost, the superior materials usage was reduced from 50% to 40% in NA and 60% to 50% in AP plants.

Art History modernism paper Essay Example For Students

Art History modernism paper Essay Garbage! Absolute Garbage! That would have been my response and opinion of John Balderdashs work if the field trip to the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego in La Jolly was held in the first week or second week of this Art History course. Admittedly, I had to make a concerted effort not to raise that shield of indifference that I normally bring up when exposed to modern or contemporary art. Prior to the museum visit I did not do much research on Balladeers other than lightly glancing through his Wisped page on the Internet. My first assumption was that he was robbery some kooky old fart that was way out there if he was making contemporary art at eighty-one years old. Considering myself a neophyte in the world or art, I did not recognize many of Balderdashs pieces to be interesting or even eye catching save for a few of his more recent works. The ones that did catch my eye in particular was the Foot and Stocking line of screen prints as they were the the easiest to interpret and allowed me to ever so slightly gain a better understanding of some of his earlier works. The Foot and Stocking line of photos consists of six different works depicting a lack-sock covered foot set up against a background with a combination of three different colors. In each one the big toe sticks out off hole in the sock. All six of these works Juxtapose the black sock and big toe with the trip-colored background. Another observation on the art work is that the pattern of the background is the same for all photos where there is one color filling the upper two-thirds and another filling the bottom third with a white border between on the right side of the foot between the two colors. One noted difference is that the color combination is reversed between three groups of photos. For example, one would have purple occupying the upper portion and orange the bottom portion and the art work next to it would use the same colors but in reversed position. The other two groups used different colors but followed the flipped pattern. In all the aforementioned works Balladeers forces the onlooker to look at the big toe. It is one part of the body that is rarely seen but the large size of the photos makes it very difficult to focus on anything else but the big toe. The flesh color starkly contrasts with the black sock so it draws your attention. The next thing I noticed was the black sock as it occupies a rage amount of canvas space so it is difficult not to notice it. Another pattern that I noticed was the use of warm/warm-cool complimentary two-color combinations between the differing patterns (Bear). Blue-Violet with yellow-orange, yellow-green with red-violet, and blue-green with red-orange (Settling and Gilbert, Living with Art 89). The colors had the effect of putting me at ease combined with the non- threatening mystery cast by the black color of the sock. One could almost say that Balladeers injected a little humor into these six artworks even though he dispels that notion (Hanley). Overall, I think Balladeers made good use of the colors and does a pretty good Job of catching a viewers attention with the big toe. It seems that Balladeers decided to do the complete opposite of what he did in his previous works. A lot of his works older works consisted of him removing and replacing the heads of various photographs and replacing them with primary-color circles. The main reasoning behind that was to force the viewer to focus on other parts of the picture besides the tact as stated in Saran Kirk Handles coverage o t Balderdashs work in the Art:21 blob. Whether he was bored or Just wanted to do things differently he finitely achieved the opposite look with the Foot and Stocking. Instead of focusing on the rest of the picture I ended up staring at that big toe which was the complete opposite of the other works like Hedges Cellar line of pictures. .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab , .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .postImageUrl , .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab , .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:hover , .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:visited , .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:active { border:0!important; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:active , .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88423ec97014e774aec9f58fc89881ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Outline Of American History EssayIn those my attention was drawn to everywhere else outside of the two primary-color circles. All of them had something going on in the background which was a direct contrast in Foot and Stocking where there was nothing in the background except for solid colors so there was not that much else to stare at besides the big toes and black sock. I liked Foot and Stocking and very much enjoyed it. The black socks and big toes definitely drew my attention but the warm complimenting colors also made the work feel inviting to look at even with the distractions. The first memories that popped into my mind was of my first deployment to Kuwait in 2001 where my unit (F-18 squadron) was sent to help enforce the Southern No-Fly Zone in Iraq. I was there during the summer months and remembered wearing thin-layer cotton socks due to the insanely hot temperature (OFF+) on the flight line. I was one of the Junior Marines in the shop so I ended up running around with my head cut off doing a lot of the manual labor. I also had this habit of not clipping my big toe nails, consequently, I went through many socks where my big toe would wear a hole. Several times during that deployment I remembered sitting in my bunk and staring at my big toe poking out of my sock and it looked exactly the same as the pictures, with the exception that my big toe nails were a little bit longer. I was also rewarded for my hard work in that deployment. My supervisor assigned me to the last group of our unit to leave Kuwait. As luck would have it that transport plane experienced some engine trouble and had to divert to Thailand for three days. Needless to say, what goes on in Thailand stays in Thailand These pieces did not move me emotionally in any major way but I did experience some very fond memories which certainly helped when looking at the other pieces of art by Balladeers. When I sat down with my advisor and started picking out classes a year ago I told her that I did not want to take any art classes whatsoever to fulfill my general education requirement. Being a Computer Science major I felt that it would be a waste of time to take any art class. Prior to this course I had either a hostile or indifferent attitude towards modern/contemporary art pending on my mood.

Amazon.com Vision, Mission and Strategy

Amazon.com Vision, Mission and Strategy Introduction Amazon was started by Jeff Bezos as the worlds biggest bookstore but slowly changed from this single-product model to a multi-product enterprise which deals with a wide array of products satisfying an even broader base of consumers. Rosier (2002) concedes that Amazon.com has established itself as a household brand in the USA and is arguably the best-known online brand.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Amazon.com: Vision, Mission and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since its birth, Amazon.com has moved from solely dealing with books to involving a myriad of other products. Kalakota and Robinson (2001) assert that an organization must continually strive to fulfill customer needs which include; convenience, consistency and reliability. Amazons venturing into different products thus complements the customer’s needs as opposed to sidetracking the original customer by offering them mor e convenience in that they can get not only books but also other products from the same place. Despite its diversification strategy, Amazon.com still engages in strong online branding so as to foster loyalty and a feeling of trust among its consumers (Arvidsson, 2006). In its book section, the company encourages people to write reviews on books thus offering a community-like interaction which generates emotional ties. This move underscores the fact that the company still holds the book section as one of its core entities and care is taken to maintain and increase its consumer base. These qualities and strategies have enabled the company to attain its goals and vision of being the world biggest bookstore and satisfying its client needs. Vision statement According to Hill and Jones (2009), a vision statement is a phrase that describes a desired outcome. The authors state that a vision statement should inspire, energize and help the reader develop a mental picture of the set target. As such, this is the proposed vision statement for Amazon.com: Acts as a foundation from which every aspect of our business is developed. It guides our operations by highlighting what is needed to accomplish our goals and objectives of achieving sustainable and quality growth.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People: provide a favorable working environment where people are inspired to realize their full potential. Portfolio: bring to the global market a range of online services that foresee and satisfy our client’s needs and desires. Partners: foster a successful network of clients and suppliers with whom quality and enduring value can be created. Planet: influence positive change that will facilitate in building and supporting sustainable communities. Profit: maximize long-term benefits to shareholders, all the while maintaining ethical practices in all our operations. Productivity: be an effective and proactive organization. Mission statement Hill and Jones (2009) define a mission statement as a written affirmation that outlines the core purpose of an organization and its focus. The authors state that in most cases, a mission statement remains unchanged over time. With this in mind, a satisfactory mission statement should be: Our mission is to run the best online bookstore, irrespective of the products and services that we offer. Considering the nature of our business, our ambitions must coincide with the principles that govern the products that exist in our stores. To state that our mission does not depend on the products and services that we offer is to undermine the importance of being an online bookseller. As online booksellers we aim to be the best in this line of business, no matter the size, nature and affiliations of our competitors. We will be at the forefront when it comes to innovating new and better styles and app roaches to bookselling. Our strategy will be in line with the set and evolving aspirations. Above all, we expect to be a benefit to the communities that we cater for, a useful resource to our clients, and an avenue through which different stakeholders can grow and prosper. Not only will we be a listening and caring partner to our clients and booksellers but also promote the idea that we are always at their service. Recommended implementation strategy While offering of † free shipping plans† and express shipping services is expensive and does cut into the profit margin of the company, Amazon.com should continue to offer these services to its clients. Competition in the online retail market is every increasing and as such, a company needs to give itself a competitive advantage over its competitors. These â€Å"super saver shipping† scheme offers one such means since it proposes to offer the consumers value added services thus setting Amazon.com apart from its compet itors. Considering that Amazons marketing strategy is pegged on an increase in customer traffic so as to promote repeat purchases and strengthen the brand name, the free shipping plan appeals to customers thereby leading to an increase in the traffic on the site. Pasiuk (2006) confirms that Amazon considered its free shipping offer as a marketing expense whose primary objective is to attract and retain customers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Amazon.com: Vision, Mission and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While there is no doubt as to the increase in cost that Amazon.com incurs due to this schemes thus leading to decreased profitability, the increased traffic leads to increased turnover for the company. This leads to increased profits which compensate for the relative cost incurred in the provision of the services. Membership plans lead to loyalty and a sense of affiliation to the company by the consumers. These plans involve increased customization which entails tailoring of services so as to suit the unique case of the customers (Hill and Jones, 2009). While this does come at the cost of having to offer customized services which lead to rise in cost structure, it enables Amazon to respond to customer demands very quickly to the advantage of both the customer and the company. By upholding these strategies, Amazon.com will be able to meet and fulfill its mission and vision statements all the while maintaining a stable competitive advantage against its aggressive and ever-increasing competitors. References Arvidsson, A. (2006). Brands: Meaning and Value in Media Culture. USA: Routledge, 2006. Hill, C., Jones, G. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. New York: Cengage Learning. Kalakota, R., Robinson, M. (2001). E-business 2.0: Roadmap for Success. California: Addison-Wesley.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pasiuk, L. (2006). Vault Guide to the Top Internet Industry Employers. USA: Vault Inc. Rosie, B. (2000, February). Amazon Leads Race to Expand Web Services. Retrieved from: ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 50804851).

Geometry Flash Cards 2 Essay

Geometry Flash Cards 2 Essay Geometry Flash Cards 2 Essay The Distance Postulate There is a unique positive number corresponding to every pair of points The Ruler Postulate The points on a line are in a one-to-one correspondence with real numbers, so that number differences measure distances. Distance The shortest path in-between two lines How do you measure segments Using rulers, inches, feet, yards, meters.... How do you measure angles? Protractor what does the size of an angle represent The amount of turning you would have to do if you where at the vertex The Angle measure postulate There is a unique number between 0 and 360 corresponding to every angle the protractor postulate There is a one-to-one correspondence between the raysin a half-rotation and the real numbers from 0 to 180 inclusive, so that number differences measure angles. Congruent Segments or angles with the same measure acute angle Measure is greater then 0 degrees and 90 degrees right angle Measure is 90 degrees obtuse angle Measure is greater then 90 degrees and less then 180 degrees straight angle Measure is 180 degrees reflex angle Measure is greater then 180 degrees less then 360 degrees Bisector Any point, segment, ray, line, or plane that contains the midpoint of the segment. Trisect Two point, segments, rays, or lines that divide a segment into three congruent segments. Circle The set of all points in a plane having the same distance/radius from a fixed point/center. polygon union of segments meeting only at endpoint such that 1. No more then two segments meet at one point and 2. Each segment meets exactly two other segments. (closed shape)

Describe major aspects of British colonialism in India and its Essay

Describe major aspects of British colonialism in India and its influence on the Indian population - Essay Example New inventions of the 18th century gave rise to a new production process in the Great Britain – called factory production. It was the beginning of Industrial Revolution in Europe. Industrial revolution (â€Å"The origins of Industrial Revolution in England†) created a need for new markets for sales of the finished product and search for raw material. British quest for a new market was the primary reason for colonizing India. In 1600, a trading company, by the name East India Company (â€Å"South Asian History – Colonial India†) was formed in London with the blessing of Queen Elizabeth I. East India Company’s main activity was trading with India. East India Company made twelve voyages (â€Å"South Asian History – Colonial India†) to India in the year of 1601 – 1613. By that time, other traders from Europe, Dutch, French, Portuguese, were also present in India. Until 1614, the Company was struggling to get the right to trade in In dia along with other European countries. In 1614 (â€Å"Indian History†) British envoy secured approval for trading from the Moghul Emperor Jahangir. Unlike traders from other countries, East India Company was able to penetrate (â€Å"Indian History†) deep inside the India. East India Company set up factories (â€Å"Indian History†) in different cities of India including in Bengal. English settlement rose in Bengal. Later East India Company made Calcutta in Bengal its trading center. During the year 1740 and later, hostility between England and France was on pick. British government heavily backed arming of East India Company. The Company fought several battles with France in those years to establish dominance over Hydrabad and Carnatic regions of India. By mid 18th century, the Company had his own army consisting of British and local people. East India Company fought the first battle in 1757 against the Ruler of Bengal (â€Å"Indian History†) and won the battle. This was the beginning of fall of India under

Use of Lexical Choices and How They Would Affect the Discursive Power Essay

Use of Lexical Choices and How They Would Affect the Discursive Power of Media - Essay Example People seek to reach their aims and goals by using power. In defining power attention must be paid to the fact that it is not something you can simply possess. It is rather a relationship between people. Power is always related to situations. Using power means having the power to persuade and impress through verbal communication. Pekonen (1991, 46) states that modern politics can be explained as a symbolic power struggle: the winner is a party whose language, words, terms and symbolic expressions are dominant once reality and the context have been defined. (Chilton, P. & Ilyin M. p 4) Presidential speeches are very important to society. According to Denton and Hahn (1986), the presidency is a rhetorical institution. Through speeches, a president leads his country and seeks to persuade the nation and society. Presidential power is the power to persuade. The rhetorical style of a presidential speech can directly affect the political speaker's aims and success. Han (1998) believes that the significance of presidential rhetorical skills has increased over the last 50 years and in part because of the media. This conceals some problems: when the style is emphasized, content may have only a secondary role. The images may be stronger than the message, and credibility may be more important than information. In this study, attention is paid to the (d) Meanings Aristoteles le of presidential power and per-suasion especially from the rhetorical point of view. (Aristoteles) Kress (1990) has introduced theoretical criteria characterizing work in the CDA paradigm which distinguishes it from other politically engaged discourse analysis work. (a) Language is first and foremost a type of social practice. (b) Texts are the result of the actions of socially situated speakers and writers. (c) The relations of the participants in the production of texts are generally unequal. (d) Meanings are the result of the (inter)action of readers and hearers with texts and with the speaker/writers of texts. They are always subject to more or less closely enforced normative rules, and to the relations of power obtaining in this interaction. (e) Linguistic features at any level are the result of social processes. Linguistic features are never arbitrary conjuncts of form and meaning. (f) Linguistic features in their occurrence in texts are always characterized by opacity. (g) Users of language have a particular stance towards the set of codes which make up a language. (h) A system of language is highly problematic in CDA. (i) History has to be taken into account. (j) CDA must be based on rather precise analyses and descriptions of the materiality of language on a close linguistic description. (Kress, p 84) CDA begins from the assumption that systematic asymmetries of power and resources between participants - speakers and listeners, readers and writers - can be linked to their unequal access to linguistic and social resources. The important unit of analysis is the text. Texts are taken to be social uses of spoken and written language. Critical discourse analysis focuses on a genre as well as on sentences and word-level analysis. The study of subject positions may clarify traditional values, ideologies and representations. When analyzing the cultural assumptions expressed in a text, one way to do it is to study the lexical choices or grammatical representations of agency and action.     

Canadian economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Canadian economics - Essay Example During the first half of 2003, a rapidly appreciating currency cut deeply into net exports in most Canadian traded goods industries. The auto industry was among the hardest-hit sectors. Automotive products have traditionally generated an important trade surplus for Canada, offsetting continuing large trade deficits in most other high-value and high technology manufacturing products. Already, however, the appreciating dollar has reduced Canada's automotive trade surplus by 50 percent (compared to the first half of 2002). Short-run impacts of a higher dollar include both reduced real shipments and shrinkage in the domestic value of Canadian exports (most automotive exports are priced in U.S. dollar terms). Even more important longer-run impacts could include the relocation of new investment to alternative jurisdictions, as Canada's relative cost competitiveness is eroded. If the exchange rate stays at current levels or higher on a longer-run basis, Canada could feasibly become a net im porter of automotive products within 5 years. On average, hourly labor productivity in Canada's manufacturing sector is approximately 15 percent lower than in U.S. industry. Given the current differential in nominal hourly compensation costs between the two countries (hourly total compensation costs in Canadian manufacturing average just over $25 Cdn., whereas total hourly compensation costs in U.S. manufacturing are about $21.50 U.S.), this creates a nominal unit labor cost disadvantage (measured in national currencies) that must be offset by the exchange rate between the two currencies. When the Canadian dollar trades at approximately 72 cents U.S., average manufacturing unit labor costs in the two countries are equalized. If the dollar is above that level, therefore, Canadian manufacturing (on average) faces a unit cost disadvantage that will spark the long-run outward migration of investment and employment (the opposite of what occurred in the late 1990s when the Canadian dollar traded for less than 72 cents U.S.). The Rising Canadian Dollar and its Impact on the Canadian Auto Industry, Testimony of Jim Stanford Economist, Canadian Auto Workers Before the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Senate of Canada, October 8, 2003 http://www.caw.ca/visual&printlibrary/speeches&briefs/briefs/senatetestimonyonthedollar.pdf Is Canada now at risk of catching the Dutch disease What is the evidence When it gains ground against the U.S. dollar, for example, Canadian exporters lose ground because their products become more expensive for U.S. buyers. It's simply harder to compete. Since 2002, Statistics Canada says 189,000 manufacturing jobs have disappeared in Canada. The agency places the blame squarely on the soaring loonie. But some economists say the difficulties of adjusting to a higher loonie will help exporters in the long run, because they've had to take measures to improve efficiency. The days of relying on a cheap loonie to help them sell in the U.S. are long gone. Cheaper U.S. dollars also provide Canadian companies with an opportunity to invest in U.S.-made tools that make them more competitive. Much of the software and machinery Canadian companies

Traditional Concepts To Modern Knowledge Intensive Concepts Management Essay

Traditional Concepts To Modern Knowledge Intensive Concepts Management Essay Introduction: Innovation and Change are 2 of the most used buzz words in the modern corporate era. Some industries are entirely based on innovation. The survivability of companies operating in such industries are, to a large extent, based on their ability to innovate. The electronic consumer goods industry is a great example. The frequency in which firms like Apple and Google scrap their penultimate design and go for the new one is just alarming. On the other hand, Change is another equally important concept for companies in the modern era. Change becomes inevitable for firms operating in volatile industries as they have to respond quickly to the ripples in the market and adjust their own internal processes as a reaction. This necessitates effective change management every time an organization undergoes a change initiative. As Kotter(XXXX) observed rightly; The rate of change is not going to slow down anytime soon. If anything, competition in most industries will probably speed up even more in the next few decades. Through this piece of work, I would like to look at knowledge theory and how the concepts of innovation and change have evolved from traditional linear model to the modern knowledge intensive forms. The essay would be focusing mainly on information technology functions of firms and how they manage their innovation and change process. We would also explore the practical implications of widely used academic terms like knowledge management, knowledge workers, boundary objects, stickiness of knowledge etc with the help of some examples from the technology front. Knowledge theory: For the scope of this essay, we shall use the term Knowledge theory as the one which refers to the concepts of knowledge management and the appreciation of intellectual capital as an integral part of an organisations asset. As a broad term, this also includes the various terms frequently used in knowledge work like knowledge boundaries, boundary objects etc. During the industrial revolution, labour and capital were considered as the major resources to build an organisation. Management emphasis was on effectively handling these resources and the role of managers was limited largely to financial management and human resource management. However, with the advent of the information age, we have seen managers being increasingly aware of another major resource knowledge. This increasing importance of knowledge management is reflected in the works of several academics as well. Bell (1973) suggested that knowledge would be a central feature of post-industrial societies. The concept of knowledge management mainly revolves around 2 popular views on knowledge, the knowledge as possession view and the epistemology of practice. Knowledge as a possession considers knowledge as something that an individual/organisation can possess, and pass on to others seamlessly across different situations and contexts. However, the practice view of knowledge takes into account the importance of tacit knowledge and argues that knowledge is intrinsic to specific contexts and is created and negotiated through social interactions (Newell et al., 2009). Thus knowledge work could be defined as any work that deals with knowledge. However, for a specific spectrum of analysis, we shall limit our analysis only to the so called knowledge intensive firms. These are firms which have a high percentage of highly qualified staff who trade in knowledge itself (Starbuck, 1992). Consultancy firms like Ernst and Young or Deloitte are prime examples for knowledge intensive organisations. Co nsultants sell their knowledge to organisations or individual and organisations in need and quite evidently does knowledge work on a daily basis. Organisations like Google and Apple, where research and development is key to gaining competitive advantage over rivals are also knowledge intensive. Other examples of knowledge intensive professionals include pharmacists, educationists, doctors, accountants etc. The majority of knowledge intensive firms are under increasing pressure from the external environment in terms of staying competitive and profitable. Thus essentially, ability to innovate and change is integral to their success as organisations. We shall now briefly look at the traditional views on innovation and change through the work of some academics and the gradual shift in concept in the information era. This would set the stage for our analysis on how and where knowledge management fits in the processes of change and innovation. Definition of Innovation: Several academics have clearly differentiated the concepts of creativity and innovation. Organisational creativity refers to the generation of novel and useful ideas, whereas organisational innovation describes the realization of those ideas(Cook,1998; Jones, 1995). Thus innovation can be defined as the process by which a new element becomes available within the marketplace or is introduced into an organization with the intention of changing or challenging the status quo (King, 1995). The innovation process can be classified into 5 types (Andriopoulos and Dawson, 2009): Product innovation As the name suggests, this refers to the creation of a new product. Common examples include the ipod and the latest ipad devices from Apple, which took the market by storm. Innovative methods of computing are being released each year and this is changing the face of the IT arena. Service innovations This refers to the creation of new and improved services. Hotmail worlds first free web based email service is a prime example. Process innovations Here, the innovation is on the process rather than on the end product or service. In the United States, Netflix offers subscription based DVD rentals online. This is now the largest of its kind in the world due to several innovations in its process. The firm uses distributed warehouse system to deliver DVDs to its customers via post. The returned DVDs are scanned first if they are requested again before it goes back to the warehouse. This streamlined and fast delivery model has helped Netflix become the market leader.(Rappa, 2008) Management innovations The adoption of Japanese manufacturing techniques by American and European companies during the eighties and nineties is an example of Management innovation. Market or position innovation This refers to the creation of new markets as a result of innovation. With the advent of Second life, a whole new virtual reality market has sprung up and is fast growing. Before this, this market simply did not exist. Traditional view on innovation: The traditional view on innovation considers it as a linear process starting from creation of the innovation, going through several stages until the innovation is accepted or rejected by the adopting unit. Rogers (1995), in support of the linear approach, used the term diffusion for the process of communicating the innovation through the channels of a social system. The innovation-decision process according to this model can be depicted as below: Knowledge Persuasion Decision Implementation Confirmation Fig1.1 Innovation-Decision process (Rogers, 1995) Knowledge The manager or decision maker or more generally the adopting unit becomes aware of the innovation. Persuasion The unit develops either a favourable or unfavourable attitude towards the innovation. Decision The unit undergoes a series of activities leading to the choice of acceptance or rejection of the innovation. Implementation The unit puts the innovation to use. Confirmation The innovation is confirmed and the innovation becomes a routine if the overall feedback from the unit is favourable. Otherwise, the innovation is rejected. The traditional model also looks at innovation as a rational process in which managers use industry-wide accepted standards or best practises. This model revolves around the idea that best practises, once created, all that is left in the innovation process is the communication of this across the organisation. Thus the traditional model of innovation essentially proposed that innovation can be carried out in a linear fashion and can be overlooked with rational thinking. However, this models inability to explain the complex and dynamic innovations in the modern era has led to various criticisms, which would be discussed at a later stage in the essay. Definition of Organisational Change: Andriopoulos and Dawson (2009) define organisational change broadly as new ways of organizing and working. And more specifically(p14): Organizational change is the process of moving from some current state that, whether planned or unplanned, comprises the unexpected and unforeseen as well as the expected The definition clearly identifies 3 integral parts of organizational change (1) the as-is state, (2) the to-be state and (3) the transition path. However, the transition from as-is to to-be state, in the views of several academics, rarely takes the planned or expected path as evident from the above definition. Studies on organizational change process have been conducted extensively by academics. However, the dynamic nature of the topic itself has meant that we still dont have a prescriptive explanation in terms of theory and concept as far as the topic of Organization change is concerned, as evidently expressed by Pettigrew et al. (2003:p351): This constant process of change and renewal means that, whilst scholars and managers can take forward certain key messages, there will always be a need for more research on innovative forms of organizing Organizational change can be of varied degree and form from minor changes in the organizational processes to major organization wide re-structuring initiatives. Palmer et al. (2006) identifies 2 types of changes: Incremental adaptive change is when one firm plays catch-up in response to another firms activity in an incremental adaptive fashion. E.g Microsoft and Yahoo largely followed google applications like maps and videos. Reactive frame breaking change deals with a much larger scale of change. E.g Major restructuring and downsizing was required for investment banks like RBS as they came under increasing government and public control after the recession driven bailouts using taxpayer money. It is interesting to note that most banks havent cut down on their IT spending as they have identified IT as a tool to improve efficiency and cut costs. Outside these two more reactive changes, there is of course the strategy driven large scale operational changes that organizations undergo. Linear views on Organisational Change: The traditional theories on organisational change have been modelled mainly around the concept of unfreeze-change-refreeze put forward by Lewin (Collins, 1998). This 3-step model essentially looked at organisational change process as a linear one. In this model, Lewin(1958) also talks about the helping and restraining forces for and against the change. Unfreeze Change Freeze Fig1.2 Lewins 3-step change model (Lewin, 1958) An extended 7-step model was proposed by Lippitt, Watson and Westley (1958) which increasingly focussed on the role of the change agent than the actual change. The 7 stages were: Diagnosing the problem Assessing capacity and motivation for change Assess motivation and capacity of the change agent Choose progressive change objects Clear segregation of role of the change agent Maintain the change Termination of the change agent (Lippitt et, al. ,1958) Kotter(1995) later proposed his 8-step model for effective change management in his analysis on why most change projects fail. These change theories as we can see, largely revolves around a certain degree of predictability of the overall change process. They have invited criticism from the supporters of chaos or complexity theories as we would examine later in the piece. Criticisms on traditional views: The traditional linear view on innovation process has been fairly criticised by the advocates of process views on innovation. These academics argue that innovation is very rarely rational and linear and is in most times, a network based concept(Abrahamson, 1996; Swan and Scarbrough, 2005). The concept of best practices were deemed inappropriate by some academics as innovation is a highly context specific concept(Swan et al., 1999) Some other criticisms include: Scarbrough(2008) argues that innovation is not a linear process and that the importance of feedback into the process could not be neglected at any stage of the process. Rogers(1995) did speak about two-way communication between the original sender and receiver in a knowledge diffusion process, however, it is clear that the critics of the linear model propose a much wider network-based mesh-like communication process during innovation. Swan and Scarbrough(2005:p3) states that since knowledge is increasingly dispersed across organizational boundaries, it is at these interstices, through the operation of networks, that distributed networks can be brought together and integrated into new products, processes and services. Newell et al.(2009) observes that most innovation processes are not predictable and cannot be considered as a technical fix. Clark (2003) observed that innovation often required considerable re-engineering of the existing process and thus cannot be considered as an entity that can be used as an add-on to an organisational context. The linear freeze-change-unfreeze view of organisational change has been countered by supporters of complexity theory or chaos theory. According to the chaos theory, it has become impossible to predict the outcome of long term organisational changes as this would require knowledge of the present state at a very high accuracy (Tsoukas, 1998). Certainly, the high rate of failure of Enterprise Systems implementations (70%) reinforces the concept of unpredictable nature of change. It can also be seen from relevant literature that organisational change need not be segregated from innovation as such. Andriopoulos and Dawson (2009), maintains that there are no clear boundaries between the concepts of creativity, innovation and change as in practise, they interlock and overlap over time. Moreover, it can also be argued that their concept of process innovation is quite similar in some respects to the concept of organisational change. Thus we shall consider innovation and change as one broad area further in this work. Knowledge based innovation and change: As discussed earlier in the essay, the traditional liner view on the innovation process have been attacked and countered with the process view. The processual, network based view on innovation looks at the process as a set of iterative, overlapping and interdependent episodes rather than linear stages (Newell et al, 2009). This model as we can see, clearly addresses the unpredictability of the innovation process. The episodes overlap and iterate, leaving room for the occurrences of good or bad co-incidences and also takes into account the social and organisational factors that may affect the innovation process. The importance of knowledge work during innovation is also emphasized in this model. From agenda formation to routinization of the innovation, the success of the change lies in effective creation, diffusion, implementation and use of knowledge. Due to several reasons, we can see that such an open-ended framework is more appropriate when we look at some of the recent innovations in IT. Thus, understanding of knowledge concepts are critical to any innovation and change project in the modern era. The communication channel between the change agent and the unit undergoing a change is no longer the straightforward 2-way communication as seen in Rogers (1995). Innovation and change processes are increasingly becoming network based, spanning across practises, institutions and geographies. The success of Research in Motions blackberry phone can be hugely attributed to the innovative feature of email on a hand held. However, the product was actually just meant to be a start-up product, designed to enable the company to enter the wireless market. The huge popularity of this new way of working among its users resulted in immense pressure on the development team to refine and come up with the blackberry we know now. Thus it can be argued that the users were part of the innovation project as well. Further on this example, during the 9/11 strike on the world trade centre, there were several media reports that people trapped inside the building used their blackberry phones to keep in touch with their loved ones since all other forms of wired and mobile connectivity had gone down. Along with huge popularity, this event added even more social value to the otherwise technological product. This clearly qualifies for the external factor depicted in the Clark model. Other innovations like Open Source Software Development, Extreme programming(XP) and Agile methodologies are also examples for experimental innovation models including dynamic, planning, testing and regular releases (Beck, 2000; Highsmith, 2002). The open source developers community consists of developers from across the globe and from different functions of life. In spite of the existence of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic knowledge boundaries among them, they still manage to interact remarkable well and come up with innovative solutions. Information technology interestingly plays the role of a boundary object in the form of the Knowledge Management (KM) portal or forum. The open source KM forum is exceptionally well maintained and strictly moderated, just as well as the knowledge intensive firms, if not better. In a more organisational context, knowledge intensive firms like consulting and software services companies consider knowledge management as an integral part of innovation and change projects. The amount of money they spend on maintaining a centralised repository for knowledge management is testament to this fact. The consultancy firm Ernst and Young spends 6% of their revenue on knowledge management (HBS, 2001). It may seem that the abundance of knowledge workers and technology would automatically foster a favourable environment for KM in such companies; some academics believe that this is not always the case. Andriopoulos (2003) suggests that knowledge can be a double headed sword. Since knowledge workers in such organisations are highly specialized in their area, this may enslave them inside a pattern of thought, thus inhibiting innovation and change (Bengtson, 1982). Such a view of experts becoming not receptive to new ideas was shared by Starbuck (1992) as well. On similar lines , Carla ODell, president of American Productivity Quality Center said: The number-one reason KM initiatives may not function is that the evangelists fail to connect with the real business issues. Relevant academic literature suggest that such organizations try to work around this problem by creating a strong culture and by involving the specialists more and more in organisational dialogues (Blackler, 1995). Such enabling contexts created by the organisation would be an important factor for fostering knowledge creation for innovation and change. Google, for example, gives one day a week for its employees to work on their pet projects and ideas. The ideas can be posted by anyone on the repository via email. Rocket ride, as it is called, has also led its competitors to create similar projects like Microsofts Technorati and Yahoos Exalead (Business Week, 2005). The concepts of knowledge theory has indeed influenced the way organizations go about undertaking innovation projects as evident from the above illustrations. Conclusion: Through this piece, we have looked at knowledge theory as a term relevant to the scope of the topic. We have also looked the traditional view on innovation and change process via the works of several academics and some industry examples. Some of the criticisms against these views were also discussed. In the specific area of knowledge intensive firms, we analyzed how these knowledge theories affect the innovation and change process. Having looked at the modern unpredictable and network based modes of innovation and change, it may seem that the traditional concepts are now outdated. However, majority of knowledge management work is still based on the assumption that most forms of knowledge can be codified, stored and distributed. Change consultants still follow the step by step approach for organisational innovation and change. Thus the apt conclusion here would be one of a compromise between the two. It is imperative that organisations, especially the knowledge intensive ones cannot ignore the importance of knowledge management for innovation and change. However, the approach shall be decided upon considering the institutional context in detail.

Chaucers The General Prologue Essay -- Chaucer General Prologue Essay

Chaucer's The General Prologue Chaucer-the pilgrim starts out â€Å"The General Prologue† with detailed descriptions of each pilgrim as he views them. When Chaucer-the pilgrim arrives at the Pardoner, he becomes very focused on his physical appearance and what is seems to be missing. There is something odd about this Pardoner and Chaucer-the pilgrim can’t seem to grasp just what that is. He describes that the Pardoner is all on fire to do is job, just arriving from Rome (Bretful of pardon, come from Rome al hoot). However, his eagerness to Pardon those for God does not help his physical appearance in any respect. Chaucer-the pilgrim describes his voice as that of a high-pitched goat and points out that he has no facial hair and will presumably never have any, as his face is just as smooth as if he had recently shaved (A vois he hadde as small as hath a goot; / No beerd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have; / As smoothe it was as it were late yshave). Chaucer-the pilgrim is setting up in the reader’ s mind that of a prepubescent boy, yet as the reader knows there are no children on the jour...

Different Health Systems

The healthcare system of the United States is commonly associated with state-of-the-art hospitals and highly-trained physician. However, the general performance of the U. S. healthcare system has been determined to be a less than that of other industrialized countries. Such observation is mainly due to the differences in healthcare systems among states, regions and health administrations. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is a socialized healthcare system managed by the government. It provides varied healthcare support to veterans or ex-officio military servicemen and their families.Survey shows that approximately 83% of VHA patients are satisfied with the healthcare that they have received. In addition, survey depicts that 69% of the patients were treated within 20 minutes of their appropriate appointment with their physician (DeNavas-Walt et al. , 2005). Also, approximately 93% of the patients participating in the survey indicate that they had seen a specialist within the la st 30 days. Such observations show that the Veterans Health Administration provides an exemplary system of healthcare, much better than the private sector.However, it also could mean that the VHA is associated with more costly healthcare rates than the other healthcare systems such as the Military Health system and the private sector. This characteristic compensates for the types of members that would avail of the VHA benefits, who are actually veterans, which are commonly composed of older, sicker and illness-susceptible individuals. In addition, these veterans are generally poorer, homeless and victims of substance abuse, which represents a major difference from the major population in the United States.It has been estimated that more than 50% of the VHA enrollees are above 65 years of age. The private sector’s healthcare system is mostly focused on intervention-based healthcare, which means that the physician will generally treat a patient who is already suffering from a p articular illness (Frogner and Anderson, 2006). Such system is thus less costly than the VHA system, because the patients enrolled in the private sector will only resort to requesting medical attention when the need arises.In the private sector healthcare system, health insurance is generally bought by the employer on behalf of its employees The VHA system, on the other hand, follows the prevention approach to health care, which involves providing checkups and education to its veteran patients in order to avoid more serious illness in the future. The Military Health System, on the other hand, provides healthcare to individuals who are currently active in the military service, including members of their family.The benefits of the Military Health system falls under the blanket coverage known as the Tricare, which is almost identical to that of the private sector’s system of healthcare management (Smith et al. , 2005). Here the enrollee pays a small portion of the total cost of the healthcare service, such as 20% of a surgery, for example, and the other 80% is paid for my the Military Health System. Each visit to the physician, just like the private sector’s healthcare system, is associated with a small co-payment, such as $10 per visit, regardless of specialization of the doctor to which consultation was made.The mission of a healthcare system is to provide medical services at the lowest practical price and at the same time, with the best feasible quality. The integration of electronic medical records in the Veterans Health Administration has provided a model for the other healthcare system to follow suit. In addition, the private sector has also use the VHA’s mission in providing prevention-based medical services, instead of just intervention-based services. References DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor B and Lee C (2005):   Income, Poverty and Health Insurance in the United States: 2004.   Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Frogner BK and Anderson GF (2006):   Multinational comparisons of health systems data, 2005.   New York: The Commonwealth Fund. Smith C, Cowan C and Sensenig A (2005):   Health Spending Growth Slows in 2003.   Health Affairs   24(1):185–94.

How to Write a Term Paper

How to Write a Term Paper How to Write a Term Paper How to Write a Term Paper While writing a term paper, you must be specific about your topic, know what you want to say, and say it effectively. Despite of the required format, APA style term paper for example, you need to choose the term paper topic which is interesting and relevant to the course. Make sure there is enough information on the topic, otherwise, you will not be able to support your ideas. If your term paper topic is too broad, you will have difficulty completing your paper. The term paper on terrorism is too broad because there are so many facets of the topic.   What to do?   You need to narrow your topic to specific question.   For example, write about the different types of terrorism or review terrorism related legislation changes after September 11. Term Paper on Terrorism Term paper writing should follow the academic format.   In the introductory paragraph of the term paper you should give a definition of the term terrorism. Terrorism in the modern sense is violence or other harmful acts committed (or threatened) against civilians for political or other ideological goals.  Most definitions of terrorism include only those acts which are intended to create fear or "terror", are perpetrated for an ideological goal (as opposed to attack), and deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians.   Then give general information about the terrorism. For example, September 11, 2001 - a day that shocked the entire world. For many people all over the globe this day will be remembered as one of the most terrible and unbelievable days ever, even if they were not directly involved. The attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, on the Pentagon in Washington D.C. and the crash of an airplane in Somerset Country near Pittsburgh not just killed m ore than 3,056 people and damaged or destroyed more than 30 buildings. There were far reaching consequences. In addition, you should include a clear thesis statement in the introductory part of your term paper.   Usually, thesis statement is the last sentence of opening paragraph.   The body section of your term paper should be devoted to the development of the thesis, support of your ideas, and numerous examples.   Each idea should start with the new paragraph and there should be transitional sentences between each paragraph.   Writing a term paper is not easy, however, it is so interesting to read numerous articles and enrich your knowledge on specific topic! Custom Written Term Paper Despite of the topic complexity and deadline pressure, we are able to provide you with custom written term paper!   We have built a team of professional writers who are ready to help you with term paper writing at any time of day and night!   provides free plagiarism report to prove the originality and authenticity of your term paper.   You, as our client, can request unlimited number of revisions and claim full refund if completed essay was not delivered within the specified deadline.

Job Search Tips that Work Yes, They Worked for Me!

Job Search Tips that Work Yes, They Worked for Me! Many job search experts, including me, are out there giving tips about how to find jobs. I thought Id give you all some job search tips based on my own experience one that got me several interviews and a part-time job when I moved to a new city. In my search, I was open to accepting a part-time position as something steady and stable while I started my own business. Job Search Tips that Worked 1. Created multiple versions of my resume. One emphasizes my managerial experience; one emphasizes my legal experience; another emphasizes my writing and editing experience. For each job I was interested in, I made sure the keywords from that job description were in my resume! 2. Applied to a lot of jobs. Yes, even ones I thought I didnt want. Some of them turned out to be more interesting than I had expected. I also applied to jobs there was probably no way I would ever get. And I sent cover letters and resumes to places where I would want to work but where there were no available jobs advertised (including the University of Wisconsin Law School). Because you never know. 3. Wrote engaging, punchy cover letters. Each cover letter was custom tailored to the specific job I was applying for. It made a difference. I was offered several interviews in widely divergent fields. 4. Went on an informational interview. Where there was no position currently available but there was a possibility of a future job, I scheduled time to talk to someone relevant. 5. Asked what I needed to bring to interviews. I found out what the employer wanted and brought the requested materials. 6. Showed up 15 minutes early for interviews. I also  chatted politely with the receptionists whenever possible. Believe it or not, this practice can get you far! 7. Stayed positive and friendly in the interviews. I talked about things other than the job. Plus I had researched the company, so came prepared with questions I could ask about the organization and the job. 8. Wrote thank you notes. (At least when I was interested in the job!) If 2 people interviewed me, I wrote 2 thank you notes, each with its own unique message. 9. Clarified my priorities for myself. I got clear that having a part-time job with flexibility, in an open and friendly environment, was what I wanted. These attributes were more important for me than the pay rate or even growth opportunities. The more I got clear about what I wanted, the closer I got to getting it. 10. Stayed active! I searched for or applied for jobs every day, while also taking care of my body by exercising every day. I sent out at least 2 job applications per week, whether I found the perfect opportunity or not. In my spare time, I volunteered to help a woman with disabilities to write a book. I took a transcription job that kept a little bit of money flowing in. And I started my own business, which got me out in the community and on the internet networking. I was never sitting around wondering what to do on any given day. Remember, action breeds action! Doing  something –  anything – keeps you engaged in your life and work. You never know what will come out of the relationships you form. How Effective Are These Job Search Tips? What did I get out of all of this? Several interviews, and ultimately a 25% time job at the University of Wisconsin Law School, Office of Career Services. Its was a perfect fit as I ramped up my own business. All these job search tips worked for me.  What has worked for you?

Are families adapting or declining Research Paper

Are families adapting or declining - Research Paper Example Moreover, the living spaces that developed close to factories and other worksites were expensive and could not be expanded as had previously been done in the rural setting. It came to be that when people lives around others who were strangers to them, their families became a refuge for them from the strange new environment in which they lived (Lasch 168). Despite the lack of any significant industrial growth in developing countries, the development of mass media, education and other services had a hand in the creation of modern families. An example of this is in some African countries where there has been a movement towards abandoning the traditional practice of polygamy and this is being replaced by monogamy due to the strengthening of marital bonds. Furthermore, the strengthening of the bond between the parent and the child over any other familial relationships has ensured that the nuclear family has developed and this is also due to the fact that emphasis is being put on what the parents owe to their children instead of what the latter owe to their parents (Coontz 9). The modern family has also seen a decrease in the number of children born within it and this can be described because of the declining death rates among children. The declining child death rates also leads to a decline in the birth rates, because parents are now more secure because they know that there are enough resources available today to ensure that their children survive. Another reason for this is the fact that the economic conditions of today do not allow parents to have more than a few children at a time because they cannot afford to have more even if they wanted to. This results in not only fewer children, but it also means that there are fewer ties to the extended family and this in turn means that in subsequent generations, there will be fewer uncles, aunts and cousins than in previous generations. Therefore, it can be said that the current economic factors as well as the small numbe r of children being born are not sufficient to sustain the type of extended family that existed before in our society (Cherlin 19). When it comes to the matter of whether the modern family is doing better than how the institutional family did, then the answer would be yes. This is mainly due to the changes that have been brought about by the modern lifestyle and these include an increase in the family’s income, a decrease in the mortality rates, an increase in life expectancy, a high nutritional status, more educational opportunities, among many others. Modern families are therefore better off with these changes than they were without them despite the fact that the institutional or extended family is collapsing. The demise of the extended family is a consequence of its members trying to adapt to the modern way of life and it is a fact that its decline and eventual fall is inevitable. It can be claimed that the modern family has come because of the commoditization of the famil y life. In order for the economy to remain profitable, ways have been devised to ensure that almost everything, especially human activity, has been turned into a commodity or a form of commodity. This commoditization of life has increased the rift between family members because some activities that used to be done exclusively within families have now

Terrorist Attacks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorist Attacks - Essay Example ulations, government, domestic intelligence collection and also the exchange of information collected by foreign and domestic agencies was determined by a strict and rigid set of rules. These strict and rigid set of rules prevented intelligence information from being collected for the purpose of law enforcement. As a result, this created difficulties in sharing of the criminal justice –derived data and information with other agencies (Lebovic, 2006). When terrorist were captured either in US soil or overseas they were accorded rights and treatment like any other criminal defendant (Rockmore, 2011). This system which was adopted to deal with terrorist activities was weak and inadequate in addressing the Americas needs to have a strong system to prevent terrorist attack in its soil. This was evident in 2001, September 11 attack and the consequent vague investigations that followed. It was the inability to coordinate information collected that led to failure to identify patterns of behavior that might have indicated the early warnings of attack. Also, due to those strict rules that were to be followed in courtroom made, it hard for the government to detain a terrorist even after identifying him. In the wake of September 11 attacks, by then president Bush administration worked day and night to update some of the rules that governed terrorism approach by the U.S.A. The government formed homeland security project to inform the public and policy makers about the complex challenges related to responding and preventing domestic terrorism. Secondly, the government allowed the revision of electronic surveillance rules to allow permission to intercept individuals even in case they changed phones frequently. They also implemented rules to allow routine collection of traveler’s financial information. They implemented U.S visit program that captures fingerprint from all foreign travelers entering Unite States. The government also exercised its right under the Chicago

How a Business Admin can lead you into a successful leadership role in Research Paper

How a Business Admin can lead you into a successful leadership role in financial management - Research Paper Example However, there are certain requirements that one need to fulfill before becoming a financial manager. This paper looks at the all the matters that concern financial management as a career from job description to the salaries as well as other factors that affect the job or are projected to affect it in the near future. The paper also explores the duties of a financial manager. As previously stated there are very many roles of financial managers. First off, they prepare financial statements, business forecasts and business activity reports. Secondly they also monitor the financial details to make sure that they conform to the legal requirements. The managers are also supervisors of employees who handle budgeting and financial reporting issues in an organization. They are also needed to reduce costs through conducting reviews on the organizations financial reports (Occupational Outlook Handbook, Financial manager, 2014). They also have the duty to do market trend analysis and recommend expansion of the organization. Financial managers are also consultants during the decision making process by the management. Financial managers have the core duty of changing the response to advancements in technology that are efficient in producing financial reports (Financial Manager | CareerGirls.). Their work also overlaps in that they have the role of analyzing data as well as advising the senior managers on how to optimize profits. Their roles differ depending on the organization that has employed them. For instance, in financial institutions such as banks they are tinged with the duty of overseeing various functions including lending (Occupational Outlook Handbook, Financial manager, 2014). The cash managers will control the inflow and outflow of the company money so as to meet the business expectations of their firms. The insurance manager will look at the programs that are bound to minimize risks and cut down on losses so as to improve efficiency in business

Management and Team Essay Example for Free

Management and Team Essay A team displaying effective team performance are identified as having several characteristics. These are: Clear Goals: These are essential and ensure that the team as a whole are working towards the same positive outcome – thus ensuring an effective and in tune team. Defined Roles and job descriptions: In order to encourage effective team performance it is critical that each team member in each position has definitive roles. When these are not followed confusion is rife and the performance of the team can be severely damaged. Defined roles ensure that each team member is doing what they should, know who to call on for assistance in a certain situation and makes for smooth and effective team performance. Open and clear communication: This ensures that all team members grow within a trusting and healthy interpersonal forum at work. Open and clear communications are the only way to ensure that a team performs effectively. Excellent communication throughout the team ensures that the team are working in sync with each other, making a strong in tune outfit. Effective decision making: Teams must receive training on effective decision making procedures in order for them to be effective. Read more:Â  Define the Key Features of Effective Team Performance If a team follows this training then the performance is enhanced across the whole team and mostly the best decisions are made using this process. Time is often saved using these techniques making for a happier healthier team. Participation from all team members: Regular time and forums to gather all team members are essential to the performance of the team. It not only empowers workers to give their opinion but allows and encourages all within a team to have their ideas and opinions validated – thus making a positive enhancement on the team. Participation also encourages the sharing of ideas and knowledge within the team creating diversity within the team as a whole. Valued diversity: Every team member has a different idea, opinion or approach and so bringing all of the differences from each individual together – this enhances the knowledge and diversity of the team as a whole. For instance – someone may be methodical and the other creative. Between them they sho uld have all avenues covered to make a well rounded team when put together. Recognising, at supervisions and team meetings, each individuals strengths enables the team to have many sides to use and in turn enhances performance. Managed conflict: is essential to effective team performance as it stops issues and problems from being ignored. It is a safe and positive way to take problems and bring out new ideas in order to solve and put at ease any members of the team affected by this conflict. It gives team members a chance to be heard and a solution sought in order to keep the team the best that it can be. Positive atmosphere: People who are happy in their work have been proven to be more productive than those who dislike their position and so positivity is a must at all times within a team. Cooperative relationships: An effective team gets along well and takes knowledge from co workers to improve the things they are less able to do alone. It has been proven that optimum team performance is achieved by team members who get along with each other. Participative leadership: An effective team with have leadership who are good role models. The leaders will be involved in the same type of work as all team members on occasion and show that they themselves can and will work as part of the team, even if they are at the top. It has been written that it should be difficult to identify the leader in effective teams upon observation. (Bruce Tuckman 1965) states that the best way to gain effective team performance is to follow his theory of Forming, Storming, Norming and performing. Following his theory tool is definitely a way forward and shows key features of effective team performance. When each stage is followed , a team should reach maximum performance quickly and with ease. (www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_86.htm) To summarise – the features of effective team performance are to have a happy knowledgeable team who meet regularly, share experiences, ideas and knowledge, to ensure team members are valued and to create a happy work environment where conflicts are safely managed and management are actively seen a nd involved within the team. With all of the above features evident within an organisations team should ensure and show excellent team performance. 1.2 IDENTIFY THE CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED BY DEVELOPING TEAMS Challenges experienced by developing teams include the notion that team members may become overwhelmed if the development is handled wrongly. Psychologist Bruce Tuckman (1965)says that in the initial stages of team development it is easy for teams to become overwhelmed by expectations of what they are being asked to do. However if the theory and tools are used correctly, team development is planned carefully, and the plan followed then all challenges can be overcome. With any team, disengagement should be looked for as if members do not participate then they will not achieve the desired outcome. Reading many papers on the matter lead me to believe that if you keep a team engaged, have a stringent plan, outline goals for the team and orchestrate using tried and tested methods, all challenges that may arise will be overcome. Time is always difficult to find with developing teams to enable the progression. Regular time should be allowed for team performance meetings and it is always difficult to orchestrate a workforce to develop. However difficult, a conclusion from my reading is that teams need time and without adequate tim e and a leader who knows what they are doing, developing teams can be seriously impaired. 1.3 IDENTIFY THE CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED BY ESTABLISHED TEAMS Established teams can be difficult to change. If an established team has effective team performance then great but if an established team has team performance that is not good then an established team may be difficult to shape as they will not be used to the new strategies and ideas involved in upping their performance. Following on as a Manager into an environment already established is always difficult. Bringing in new ideas – it is written that established teams can become un nerved and so this should be done using tried and tested techniques. It is important to identify in established teams what already works and grow with that and to slowly bring in new ideas and routes to enhance performance. Resistance to change is a natural response by human beings and should be looked out for and overcome quickly so as not to see a decline in positivity within established teams. (http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-pm-cm.htm) 1.4 EXPLAIN HOW CHALLENGES TO EFFECTIVE TEAM PERFORMANCE CAN BE OVERCOME. Team performance challenges can be overcome by using communication. Excellent communication is at the forefront of any issues and challenges with team performance. Listening is also equally as important as the team should be viewed as a whole and not as an individual. This builds trust and can be imperative in overcoming issues. The whole team will fell valued. Team time spent together can also be productive – socialising and getting to know each other can alleviate stresses and strains and can make a firm foundation for problem solving. All team members must be treated as equals. Problems will come if team members feel that one member receives special treatment. A Manager must also show consistency when completing all tasks with the team. Offers of helping team members is a positive solution as if you do the work yourself and complete the task – others will see that you are an equal and should respond positively. 1.5 ANALYSE HOW DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT STYLES MAY INFLUENCE OUTCOMES OF TEAM PERFORMANCE. There are five management styles widely used throughout the world today. They are: Authoritarian Management: A Manager at the head of the company decides how things are to be done and how each team member will work. There is no room for autonomy within this style. The Manager is solely responsible for devising company policy and implementing it. This Management style could isolate the team when used alone – although there is a place in certain settings for this management style to be used. Democratic Management – this heavily involves all employees and encourages them to have a sense of ownership and to be a part of the decision making process within a company. This Management style to me seems to be the most productive in encouraging teamwork. Democratic Management is what is used in my own company through team meetings. Staff are involved in the changing of systems and work and it is very productive. Paternalistic Management is where the boss acts as a parent to the employees. This style encompasses employees social needs into the equasion and looks at them as a whole person instead of just a worker. I can see how this management style creates a friendly working environment although my worry would be that employees would become too familiar. I believe this syle to enhance team performance . Autocratic Management – This is when a Manager makes decisions in line with their opinions and views and completely alone without the assistance of a team. This management style can leave employees feeling under valued and that they can have no opinion or say in how things are to be. There is no team involvement in this style. Autocratic management can often present as a well run company on the outside but on the inside employees may be dissatisfied – thus team performance damaged severely. Laissez – faire management – This management theory is defined as having employees that manage their own sections of the business and the over all manager watches from a distance. I like this management theory as at team meetings each member who has been responsible for their own areas can bring in their own achievements, problems and findings. If the right people are placed in the right position – this theory can be very productive. The over all manager can take more of a back seat if done well and the individuals can run the company – but only if they are self motivated individuals. 1.6 ANALYSE METHODS OF DEVELOPING TRUST AND ACCOUNTABILITY A democratic management style clearly develops trust as every team member is involved in the processes and operations of the company. Developing trust is based around communication. As we interact, question, disagree with and support decisions in a positive way, we build confidence in one another and promote overall group success ( Limas 2003) Key elements for developing trust are communication methods. Active listening, body language, group interaction and group communication must be used, observed and acted upon. This is why team meetings encompassing these are essential to develop group trust. The leader of all team interactions must be familiar with all communication methods with a view to trust buildings. Accountability development. Robust performance is based guided accountability. Within an organisation it is essential that all involved know their accountability and when this is acted upon. For instance – Managers are accountable for ongoing training and how this is guided through supervisions and passed onto staff members. In a domiciliary care setting – all workers have a job description and code of practice. They also receive training on safeguarding, record keeping and any other aspect of their day to day role. When workers have signed policies and procedures they will be aware of their own individual accountability. It is essential that regular training and updates are done so that all know who is accountable and for what within a care setting. The Management need training in these matters so that they know their own responsibilities. Accountability is developed when own responsibility is defined. 1.7 COMPARE METHODS OF ADDRESSING CONFLICT WITHIN A TEAM. There are many methods of addressing conflict within a team. (Goldfien and Robbennolt 2007) developed a dual model based upon assertiveness and empathy and have proven that linking these together using their five conflict resolution is productive. These are avoidance conflict – adopting a wait and see approach. This can often lead the conflict to go out of control. Yeilding conflict style – this is based upon having more regard for the person creating the conflict than of ones own self. This is used by individuals who with to keep social situations pleasant. They give into demands so as to not upset the apple cart. Competitive conflict style – this maximises individual assertiveness and minimises empathy. This style is used for dominating people who simply wish to win or lose. This is an aggressive style of conflict that usually involves arguing and shouting and power games. It is based upon feelings of intimidation (Morrill 1995) Cooperation conflict style – This style is when the individual takes into account both sides of the conflict and to the best possible outcome for both parties. This style is based around the conflict being dealt with assertiveness and empathy in equal measure. According to literature that has been written on conflict resolution – a cooperative conflict resolution style is recommended above all others ( Sternberg and Dobson 1987) Conciliation conflict style – This style is based around fairness. Giving and taking actions are evident to reach half way thus promoting conflict resolution. This style is both yielding and co operative combined. When a conflict is evident then the management should seek these styles and act accordingly dependant on the nature of the conflict. It is also about personal preference and characteristics of the individuals involved in the conflict. My personal method of dealing with conflict within my company is the consiliation style first and foremost but with the different styles above I can use another if my natural choice is unsuccessful – which it is not very often it does not work. References Bruce Tuckman . (1965). Managent theories and styles. Available: http//www.mba-online-program.com. Last accessed 14th sept 2012. Goldfien and Robbennolt. (2007). conflict resolution. Available: http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conflict_resolution_conflict_management. Last accessed 08th oct 2012. management. (2011). established teams. Available: http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-pm-cm.htm). Last accessed 08th oct 2012. MIT human resources. (2012). Accountibility. Available: http//hrweb.mit.edu/performance-development/accountibility. Last accessed 08th oct 2012. Morill and Sternberg and Dobson. (1995). Conflict resolution. Available: http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conflict_resolution.conflict_management. Last accessed 08th oct 2012. Univerity of Florida. (2010). Developing trust and co operation. Available: http//edis.ifas.ufl/fy748. Last accessed 08th oct 2012. wikihow. (2010). How to build trust. Available: http//www.wikihow.com/build-trust. Last accessed 08th oct 2012.